All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger.
You were completely wrong by marrying this man before asking whether or not it is permissible for you to marry him, and also by delaying asking about the religious ruling on this marriage for all this long period of time.
However, if this man just claimed to be a Muslim, or that he just uttered the Two Testimonies of Faith without abiding by the apparent religious rites, like praying, fasting, and so forth, then he is not a Muslim at all, in which case, this marriage is void. So, you are obliged to separate from him immediately as the Muslim scholars agreed that the marriage of a Muslim woman with a non-Muslim man is void; for more benefit, please refer to Fatwa 83425.
Also, you are obliged not to allow him to have sexual intercourse with you, otherwise you will be committing Zina (adultery), we seek refuge with Allaah for you from this. So, you should seek help of whoever may help you to get rid of him.
As regards advising him to abide by the religious obligations of Islam, then if Allaah Knows that there is good in him, He would send him someone who would be a reason for his guidance. If you think good of him, then you may seek the help of some trustworthy brothers who run Islamic centers in your country to call him to Islam, but as far as you are concerned, you should flee from him and save your own self.
On the other hand, if he had abided by the religious rites when he married you, then he is a Muslim, and his marriage to you would be valid. Indeed, you did well by being concerned regarding him learning his religious matters and becoming a righteous man. Nonetheless, if you see that he wants to deceive you and you fear that he will harm your religion and weaken your faith, then you have the right to ask for divorce due to the harm. Rather, you should ask him to divorce you as there is no good in having marital relationship with such a man. If he refuses to divorce you, then you should take the matter to one of the Islamic centers so that they will oblige him to divorce you even by you paying him compensation.
Allaah Knows best.